Elephants are the most important present land animals. Three species are presently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. Elephantidae is the most effective surviving own circle of relatives of the order Proboscidea; extinct individuals encompass the mastodons. The own circle of relatives Elephantidae additionally includes numerous extinct groups, such as the mammoths and straight-tusked elephants. African elephants have large ears and concave backs, while Asian elephants have smaller ears, and convex or degree backs. Distinctive functions of all elephants encompass a protracted proboscis known as a trunk, tusks, big ear flaps, big legs, and hard however touchy skin. The trunk is used for breathing, bringing meals and water to the mouth, and greedy gadgets. Tusks, which might be derived from the incisor teeth, serve each as guns and as tools for transferring gadgets and digging. The big ear flaps help in preserving a regular frame temperature in addition to in communication. The pillar-like legs bring their extremely good weight.

 Elephants belong to the own circle of relatives Elephantidae, the only last own circle of relatives within the order Proboscides which belongs to the superorder Afrotheria. Their closest extant relatives are the sirenians (dugongs and manatees) and the hyraxes, with which they proportion the clade Paenungulata with inside the superorder Afrotheria. Elephants and sirenians are similarly grouped with inside the clade Tethytheria.

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Three species of elephants are recognised; the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana) and wooded area elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) of sub-Saharan Africa, and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) of South and Southeast Asia. African elephants have large ears, a concave back, greater wrinkled skin, a sloping stomach, and  finger-like extensions on the tip of the trunk. Asian elephants have smaller ears, a convex or stage back, smoother skin, a horizontal stomach that from time to time sags with inside the center and one extension on the tip of the trunk. The looped ridges on the molars are narrower with inside the Asian elephant at the same time as the ones of the African are greater diamond-shaped. The Asian elephant additionally has dorsal bumps on its head and a few patches of depigmentation on its skin.

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With Regards
ALINA SMITH
Journal of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production